The new Libyan authorities will face the difficult task of fixing a country left damaged and divided by four decades of repressive and arbitrary rule. The post-conflict period, which has been marked by lawlessness and human rights abuses, demonstrates how challenging it is to break a legacy of impunity, particularly in a country left with weak and mistrusted institutions. As this report shows, it is time to investigate and prosecute all war crimes, crimes against humanity and human rights violations, whether committed by al-Gaddafi forces or affiliates, or by anti-Gaddafi fighters and militias.