This briefing analyses a discriminatory algorithmic risk profiling system that was used in the Netherlands. The Education Executive Agency (Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs, hereafter: DUO), under the responsibility of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, used this system between 2012 and 2023 to select students for an investigation in order to check for possible abuse of the out-of-home grant. It shows how the DUO system discriminated student on the grounds of race and economic and social situation (socio-economic status).
