Racist attacks and killings of foreigners and ethnic minorities are regularly reported in Russia. Victims include students, asylum-seekers and refugees. Even citizens of the Russian Federation are at risk of physical attack if they do not look typically ethnic Russian, such as individuals from ethnic groups of the North Caucasus, in particular Chechens. In this document Amnesty International calls on the Russian authorities to take immediate steps to address the problem of racism, and makes a series of recommendations highlighting concrete actions which need to be taken.