Amnesty International and 42 other organizations called on the UN Human Rights Council to hold a special session on Iran as a matter of urgency, and urged the Council to establish an independent mechanism with investigative, reporting and accountability functions to address the most serious crimes under international law and other gross human rights violations committed in Iran, including in the context of successive waves of protest crackdowns. Without collective action by the international community that goes beyond statements of condemnation and long-standing calls at the Iranian authorities to conduct investigations, countless more men, women and children risk being killed, maimed, tortured, sexually assaulted and thrown behind bars, and evidence of grave crimes risks disappearing.