Overview

Baseless investigations, prosecutions and convictions of human rights defenders, journalists, opposition politicians and others intensified. Executive interference with the judiciary deepened further. Binding European Court of Human Rights judgments remained unimplemented in several emblematic cases. The rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association were arbitrarily restricted. Law enforcement officials used less lethal weapons against peaceful protesters, causing numerous injuries. The country continued to host large numbers of refugees and migrants; some remained at risk of unlawful return. Victims of human rights violations, including alleged torture and other ill-treatment by state officials, continued to face a culture of impunity. Türkiye’s overall climate policies were assessed as “highly insufficient”.