Authorities maintained their closure of civic space through a severe crackdown on the rights to freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and association. The use of unfounded terrorism charges to crush peaceful dissent continued, including against political activists, journalists, trade unionists and human rights defenders. Authorities increased the penalty for irregularly exiting Algeria and introduced a penalty of up to five years’ imprisonment for facilitating an irregular exit. The government collectively and unlawfully expelled at least 31,404 refugees and migrants to Niger. Authorities failed to investigate allegations of torture and other ill-treatment. Civil society reported 48 femicides; there remained no comprehensive official statistics on gender-based violence. A prolonged climate-induced drought negatively affected the realization of human rights. Authorities introduced measures to address inflation; food inflation slowed but remained high.
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