The authorities’ continued failure to address the root cause of prison overcrowding resulted in inhumane conditions. Surgical castration was introduced as a punishment for child rape. Civic space was heavily restricted, especially during legislative elections, with crackdowns on the rights to freedom of association, expression and peaceful assembly. Authorities used Predator spyware to monitor political opposition members. Extreme weather events and drought led to widespread internal displacement, disproportionately affecting women. High rates of sexual violence against girls persisted, with limited support for survivors. Persons with albinism were subjected to abduction and murder.
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