Haiti has been mired in political, economic, humanitarian, security and human rights crises for decades. These crises, which are rooted in the country’s legacy of colonialism and slavery, deepened following the assassination of president Jovenel Moïse in 2021. Political instability has exacerbated the weakening of state institutions and aggravated shortcomings in basic services, such as water and sanitation and access to food and medicine. At the same time, a number of armed gangs have strengthened and now control significant parts of the territory and strategic infrastructure such as ports and airports, plunging the population into violence and chaos.
