In light of the Hong Kong authorities’ continual use of national security as a pretext to violate human rights, this briefing paper sets out Amnesty International’s primary advocacy calls. It also provides the most updated information, based on our research and credible secondary sources, to underpin those calls, including arrest and prosecution figures, trial updates and an in-depth analysis of the effects of the new national security legislation (i.e. Article 23) on both Chinese and non-Chinese individuals, in particular via its extraterritorial application.