Twenty-four people were killed and more than 60 injured in Wau, the capital of South Sudan’s Western Bahr El Ghazal State, in December 2012. These incidents occurred during protest actions and reprisal attacks following a decision to relocate the County headquarters to Bagari. The state authorities have since arrested many people considered to be opponents of the state government; arrests frequently perceived as having an ethnic dimension. This briefing focuses on human rights violations committed by the authorities in the context of responses to the relocation of the county capital.