Since armed conflict began in June 2011 between the Sudanese Government and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army-North (SPLM/A-N), people living in SPLA-N controlled areas of Sudan’s South Kordofan state have endured an unrelenting campaign of aerial and ground attacks by the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF). As the conflict enters unabated into its fifth year, Amnesty International urges the Government of Sudan, the SPLM/A-N, and other governments to take immediate steps to end violations of international human rights law, open up access to humanitarian relief, and uphold the human rights of the people of South Kordofan.