Overview

The executive’s interference with the judiciary deepened. Binding Constitutional Court rulings were ignored despite jurisprudence, and European Court of Human Rights judgments were not implemented in several emblematic cases. Baseless investigations, prosecutions and convictions of human rights defenders, journalists, opposition politicians and others persisted. The rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association were unlawfully restricted. Violence against women and girls remained widespread. The country continued to host large numbers of refugees and migrants; some remained at risk of unlawful return. Victims of human rights violations by state officials continued to face a culture of impunity. Türkiye’s overall climate policies were assessed as “critically insufficient”.