The ethnic identity of Uighurs in western China is being systematically eroded. Government policies, including those that limit use of the Uighur language, severe restrictions on freedom of religion, and a sustained influx of Han Chinese migrants into the region, are destroying customs and, together with employment discrimination, fuelling discontent and ethnic tensions. The Chinese authorities must immediately reverse the repressive policies, practices and human rights abuses which restrict Uighurs' ability to enjoy and replicate their culture.