This chapter of a major forthcoming AI report, with Chapter G-6, shows how the UN and other intergovernmental organizations approach this problem, and examines the increasingly strict international human rights standards and the procedures and mechanisms for action. It looks at the rise in importance of such standards, the prohibition of “disappearances” and extrajudicial executions under these standards, the prohibition of arbitrary killings by law enforcement officials, and the prohibition of such violations in war. It also examines what constitutes war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide; regional standards; violations of national law, and the implementation of international standards. There are substantial notes, and appendices giving the relevant international instruments.
