Overview

Racial and religious discrimination persisted, especially targeting Muslim individuals and associations. Excessive use of force by police continued without accountability. The law on “republican values” restricted freedom of association. The European Court of Human Rights found that France violated the rights of Chechen refugees and destitute asylum seekers. France failed to comply with air quality standards. A former Liberian rebel commander was sentenced for wartime atrocities in Liberia. A criminal complaint was filed against three French arms companies for possible complicity in war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Yemen. Severe overcrowding in prisons resulted in inhumane and degrading detention conditions.