The authorities maintained a tight grip on information, punished critics and censored internet access. Independent voices faced prosecution, travel bans and other reprisals, while dissidents abroad risked arrest and potential deportation. Enforced disappearances persisted, with some prisoners not being released after the expiration of their terms. Torture and other ill-treatment in detention remained widespread, with no independent oversight. Same-sex sexual relations between men remained criminalized. The country’s carbon-intensive economy undermined its climate commitments amid growing gas extraction. Water scarcity remained a serious issue threatening food security.
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