Overview

All parties to the conflict continued to commit serious violations and abuses of international human rights law, and violations of international humanitarian law, resulting in mass civilian casualties. States supplied weapons to the warring parties, including in Darfur, in violation of a UN Security Council arms embargo. Women and girls were subjected to widespread conflict-related sexual violence. Looting and destruction of civilian property violated economic, social and cultural rights. A near-total telecommunications blackout restricted the right to freedom of expression and the ability of humanitarian organizations to deliver aid. Impunity persisted for conflict-related violations and abuses. Millions of people were internally displaced or had sought refuge in neighbouring countries since April 2023 and lived in dire conditions. Egyptian authorities forcibly returned hundreds of Sudanese refugees to Sudan.