Inter-communal violence led to many killings, including a massacre of herders in Mandakao. The violence displaced thousands and revealed serious gaps in systems for violence prevention, protection of lives and access to justice. Authorities curtailed civic space by warning journalists against “parallel investigations” into the Mandakao killings, and by dissolving or banning civil society organizations. Education needs remained acute, with 849,000 children out of school in eastern Chad. Authorities adopted a law on the prevention of violence against women and girls, but high prevalence and under-reporting of gender-based violence continued.
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