Fatoumata Diallo, 50, has seven children and earns her living from farming and livestock rearing. In her village near Koussanar, in eastern Senegal, she is known for fighting against female genital mutilation (FGM). A survivor herself and member of an alert committee set up by Amnesty International to combat gender-based violence, she raises awareness about the harm caused by FGM and helps girls at risk of being cut.
According to the United Nations Population Fund’s latest figures, 85 per cent of women and girls aged between 15 and 49 in Senegal’s Tambacounda region have undergone some form of FGM. Like Fatoumata, almost 14 per cent of them have undergone the most severe form which consists of sewing shut the labia, leaving a small opening for urination and menstruation.
“I have been fighting against FGM for 20 years because I’ve experienced it myself. I was put in a group of 10 to 20 girls, and we were taken by women into the bush to be cut. One of the girls died because she was cut in a savage way. Unfortunately, they couldn’t stop the bleeding. They took her to the health centre on a donkey. But she died on the way. It left an indelible mark on me.
I was cut when I was around 10. With this type of excision, they cut you and then perform another operation. So, when you go into the bedroom with your husband on your wedding day, they have to cut you again before giving you to your husband. I got married, and this is what happened to me. I felt excruciating pain, and was in a state of shock for several days. I was 13.
So, I was subjected to both an early marriage and mutilation. That is what led me to join the fight. My husband supports me in everything I do. I have daughters and they have daughters themselves, but they haven’t been cut. I didn’t do it to any member of my family.
I have saved a lot of young girls, I can’t say how many.
Fatoumata Diallo
Koussanar, the city next to my village, is at a crossroads with neighbouring countries. Mali has no law against FGM and Gambia has one but does not apply it. Women travel to these countries to have their babies mutilated. When I hear a baby girl has been born, I go to the family just after the naming ceremony to tell them, ‘I know that there’s a newborn in your home and that it’s a girl, but you must not have her cut because there is a law against that.’ I show them pamphlets on the consequences of excision, explaining what it does to the child. I tell them that if they do it, I will report them.
There was a recent case of five girls whose grandmother and mother wanted to take them to another place to have them cut. When I heard about this, I got together with some other women, and we went to talk to the grandmother and mother, without directly broaching the subject of excision. I told them that the girls were in the middle of a school year, they would miss lessons, and it would be detrimental to them. I advised the mother not to take her daughters. I also said, ‘I don’t know what you were going to do, but I will report you, and you know what that will happen’. The mother said that she was not going to do it.
As part of my fight against FGM, I present programmes on FGM and gender-based violence on Koussanar community radio with Amnesty’s alert committee and in collaboration with the commune. For these programmes, I invite religious leaders to talk about excision. Other times, I call in specialists such as midwives to talk about the consequences of excision.
During the programmes, some listeners call in to say, ‘’It happened to me too’. And even after the programme has finished, women come to my home and say, ‘What you said on the radio is my story.’
In the long run, I am confident women will abandon this practice.
Fatoumata Diallo
During community awareness-raising sessions, I talk about the law [that banned cutting in 1999] and also the health consequences of FGM. We need to keep raising awareness so that the practice of excision decreases even further. It’s a cultural thing, it is deeply rooted, so it’s a long-term battle. In the long run, I am confident women will abandon this practice.
People are divided about my fight. Everyone knows about my activism. Some are for it, others are against. I sometimes bump into people, both men and women, and say hello but they don’t reply. That doesn’t stop me from continuing my work. I am committed to the fight, so I feel obliged to do this. I have saved a lot of young girls, I can’t say how many. I know that what I’m doing is a good thing.”
Through a human rights education programme implemented since 2017 in Burkina Faso, Senegal and Sierra Leone, Amnesty International is working to combat gender-based violence (GBV) through education, awareness-raising and advocacy, with a view to changing attitudes and behaviours and helping to reform legislation in these countries.
Amnesty International Senegal is setting up community alert committees to report cases of GBV, including FGM, to the relevant authorities.