Human rights defenders and other activists in Viet Nam are typically at risk of arbitrary arrest and lengthy detention for speaking out or thinking differently. In this report, Amnesty International provides a brief overview of Viet Nam’s legal framework and international obligations. The report then highlights the range of human rights violations that human rights defenders and other activists are subjected to when they become prisoners of conscience. Lastly, it provides detailed information on 75 individuals currently in jail after being tried and convicted for the peaceful exercise of their right to freedom of expression.