Overview

Authorities failed to protect traditional herders from mining companies’ operations that negatively affected their livelihoods, traditional culture and access to land and clean water. Basic infrastructure and the provision of public services continued to be sorely lacking in informal settlements of internal migrants, in contravention of domestic law. In March the Minister of Justice and Home Affairs publicly apologized and admitted that torture had been used to extract a confession, in an emblematic case of the shortcomings of the criminal justice system.

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