This document examines the situation for thousands of East Timorese refugees still living in refugee camps in West Timor. The militia presence in East Timor and lack of guarantees for security continue to undermine prospects for voluntary repatriation in safety and dignity. There are also serious concerns that the refugees who remain in West Timor are at continued risk of threats, intimidation, harassment, extortion and in some cases unlawful killing, “disappearance” and sexual violence.