{"id":227012,"date":"2019-06-17T14:54:24","date_gmt":"2019-06-17T06:54:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zh.amnesty.org\/?p=8141"},"modified":"2025-05-11T11:47:24","modified_gmt":"2025-05-11T10:47:24","slug":"facial-recognition-and-human-rights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/zh-hans\/latest\/news\/2019\/06\/facial-recognition-and-human-rights\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f60\u7684\u8138\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8c01\uff1f\u5237\u8138\u65f6\u4ee3\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\/\u8d56\u96ea\u8389<\/p>\n<p>\u79d1\u6280\u5de8\u5934\u7684\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u4e0a\u6708\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/05\/14\/us\/facial-recognition-ban-san-francisco.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7981\u6b62\u8b66\u5bdf\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u8138\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u5927\u57ce\u5e02<\/a>\u3002\u4eba\u8138\u8bc6\u522b\u6280\u672f\u66fe\u662f\u79d1\u5e7b\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd1\u5e74\u5df2\u5feb\u901f\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u8fa8\u8ba4\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8138\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u5e94\u662f\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u751f\u6d3b\u5e26\u6765\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5374\u4e3a\u4f55\u65e5\u6e10\u906d\u53d7\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u62b5\u5236\uff1f<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8148\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8148\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8148 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/zh.amnesty.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/infog2.jpg\" alt=\"facial recognition\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8148\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5237\u8138\u573a\u666f\u968f\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4eba\u8138\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>2017\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/av\/world-asia-china-42248056\/in-your-face-china-s-all-seeing-state\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u82f1\u56fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\uff08BBC\uff09\u8bb0\u8005\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u8d35\u5dde\u8b66\u65b9\u76d1\u63a7\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684 \u201c\u5b9e\u65f6\u884c\u4eba\u68c0\u6d4b\u8bc6\u522b\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d<\/a>\u3002\u8bb0\u8005\u7684\u8138\u5728\u8857\u4e0a\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u626b\u63cf\u767b\u5f55\u4e3a\u5acc\u7591\u72af\u540e\uff0c\u4ec5\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e03\u5206\u949f\u4fbf\u906d\u5230\u8b66\u5bdf\u62e6\u622a 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target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5<\/a>\u79f0\u8be5\u6280\u672f\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u719f \uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u62a5\u5bfc\uff0c\u8b66\u5bdf\u5df2\u7ecf\u501f\u6b64\u67e5\u83b7\u6d89\u5acc\u62d0\u5356\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u8087\u4e8b\u9003\u9038\u7b49\u91cd\u5927\u5211\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u7f51\u4e0a\u5728\u9003\u4eba\u54587\u540d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5192\u7528\u4ed6\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u4ef6\u7684\u4eba\u545826\u540d \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u91c7\u8d2d\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/04\/14\/technology\/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u5728\u91c7\u8d2d\u201c\u652f\u6301\u8bc6\u522b\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u65cf\/\u975e\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u65cf\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u201d\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u76f8\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5237\u8138\u7ef4\u7a33\u98ce\u6f6e\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ea\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u82f1\u56fd\u536b\u62a5\uff08The Guardian\uff09\u62a5\u5bfc\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/oct\/18\/police-facial-recognition-database-surveillance-profiling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u8c03\u67e5\u5c40\uff08FBI\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u8138\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u91cc\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u8d44\u6599<\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u8bb8\u591a\u8b66\u5bdf\u5355\u4f4d\u4e5f\u62e5\u6709\u201c\u5373\u65f6\u4eba\u8138\u8bc6\u522b\u79d1\u6280\u201d &#8211; 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noreferrer\">\u501f\u4ee5\u5728\u4eba\u6f6e\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u5236\u9020\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\u4eba\u201d <\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4eba\u8138\u8bc6\u522b\u79d1\u6280\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8144\" src=\"https:\/\/zh.amnesty.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/infog1.jpg\" alt=\"\u4eba\u8138\u8bc6\u522b\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/zh-hans\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/06\/infog1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/zh-hans\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/06\/infog1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/zh-hans\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/06\/infog1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/zh-hans\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/06\/infog1-72x72.jpg 72w, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/zh-hans\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/06\/infog1-144x144.jpg 144w, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/zh-hans\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/06\/infog1-60x60.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/zh-hans\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/06\/infog1-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/zh-hans\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/06\/infog1-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/zh-hans\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/06\/infog1-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/zh-hans\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/06\/infog1-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/zh-hans\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/06\/infog1-325x325.jpg 325w, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/zh-hans\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/06\/infog1-335x335.jpg 335w, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/zh-hans\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/06\/infog1-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u8138\u8bc6\u522b\u79d1\u6280\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5927\u578b\u53ef\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u548c\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u7535\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0a\u3002\u5927\u81f4\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fc7\u7a0b \uff1a<br \/>\n1. \u6536\u96c6\u8d44\u6599\uff1a\u5927\u91cf\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u201d\u7167\u7247\u5b66\u4e60\u8fa8\u8bc6\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u4eba\u8138\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u4f4d\u548c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u5206\u5f00\u3002<br \/>\n2. \u5b9a\u4f4d\u4eba\u8138\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u4eba\u8138\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u518d\u786e\u5b9a\u51fa\u9f3b\u5b50\u3001\u773c\u775b\u3001\u5634\u5df4\u7b49\u3002<br \/>\n3. \u5339\u914d\u4e0e\u8bc6\u522b\uff1a\u5c06\u5f85\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u8138\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u8138\u7279\u5f81\u6a21\u677f\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4eba\u8138\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad\u3002<br \/>\n4. \u5c5e\u6027\u8bc6\u522b\uff1a\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u8868\u60c5\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u53d1\u578b\u3001\u662f\u5426\u6234\u773c\u955c\u3001\u80e1\u5b50\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e0d\u60f3\u5237\u8138\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5417\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u8eb2\u85cf\u7684\u574f\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76d1\u63a7\u79d1\u6280\u8ddf\u6211\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u68c0\u89c6\u4eba\u8138\u8bc6\u522b\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8fd0\u7528\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\u5237\u8138\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u591a\u662f\u5728\u53d6\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u5141\u8bb8\u4e4b\u524d\u4fbf\u88ab\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u53ea\u80fd\u9ed8\u9ed8\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u9000\u51fa\uff08opt out\uff09\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc6\u522b\u79d1\u6280\u5982\u6307\u7eb9\uff0c\u4eba\u8138\u8bc6\u522b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u3002\u79d1\u6280\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u7f51\u4e0a\u5927\u91cf\u641c\u96c6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u8138\u8d44\u8baf\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8fa8\u8ba4\u4eba\u8138\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u6563\u64ad\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u7f8e\u56feapp\uff08\u6293\u51fa\u4f60\u7684\u4e94\u5b98\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6b63\uff09\u3001\u731c\u5e74\u9f84\u6e38\u620f\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u6444\u50cf\u5934\u666e\u53ca\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u540c<a href=\"http:\/\/: https:\/\/www.parliament.uk\/business\/publications\/written-questions-answers-statements\/written-question\/Commons\/2017-09-04\/8098\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u82f1\u56fd<\/a>\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6444\u50cf\u5934\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u4eba\u9762\u8bc6\u522b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u884c\u8d70\u5728\u8def\u4e0a\u3001\u642d\u4e58\u5927\u4f17\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4eba\u8138\u8d44\u8baf\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u641c\u96c6\uff0c\u884c\u8e2a\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6240\u9041\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-8096\" src=\"https:\/\/zh.amnesty.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/59106084_416337892519890_8614888884565704704_o-e1558498524154-1024x492.jpg\" alt=\"surveillance\" width=\"534\" height=\"257\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5237\u8138\u79d1\u6280\u6709\u6240\u610f\u8bc6\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u5f39\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u80fd\u5728 \u201c\u5237\u8138\u4ed8\u6b3e\u201d \u6216\u662f \u201c\u4e0d\u6d88\u8d39\u201d \u4e4b\u95f4\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u800c\u65c5\u5ba2\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u80fd\u5728 \u201c\u5237\u8138\u8fdb\u7ad9\u201d \u548c \u201c\u4e0d\u642d\u4e58\u5927\u4f17\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u201d 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