Every year, children are born with sex characteristics (genitals, gonads, hormones, chromosomes or reproductive organs) that vary from the established norms for ‘male’ and ‘female’. In this report, Amnesty International documents the specific human rights violations faced by children with variations of sex characteristics in Iceland, and the lifelong effect of these violations. In particular, the report documents challenges faced by individuals with variations of sex characteristics in accessing appropriate healthcare, and the consequent risks of violations of their right to the highest attainable standard of health.