The crackdown on dissent continued and journalists and human rights defenders were among those imprisoned in violation of their right to freedom of expression. Viet Nam authorities were implicated in the abduction of a Vietnamese refugee living in Thailand. Executions were reported but the use of the death penalty was shrouded in secrecy. Government surveillance was widespread and new research pointed to the use of spyware technology to target critics or others working on issues considered sensitive to Vietnamese government interests.
Read MoreRetains the death penalty in law
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