This report summarizes Amnesty International’s concerns regarding conscientious objection in 23 countries as of January 1991 (in a few cases as of February 1991). It updates the report “Conscientious objection to military service”, May 1988 (POL 31/01/88). There are two annexes: Annex 1 gives information on selected cases of conscientious objectors in seven countries and Annex 2 is a survey of conscientious objection in 106 countries where information is available to AI.