Qatari authorities continue to exercise arbitrary executive power by placing administrative sanctions on individuals without any judicial process or disclosed legal basis, in some cases seemingly as punishment for political opinions. These actions illustrate the structural problem of a government that acts almost entirely through executive power, which without independent review or public participation often becomes arbitrary and lawless in practice. Amnesty International calls on Qatar to behave as a government of law rather than whim and to respect the right of all citizens and residents to a transparent and independent system of justice.