This submission was prepared for the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of Italy in Jan – Feb 2025. In it, Amnesty International evaluates the implementation of recommendations made to Italy in its previous review, including in relation to the prohibition of torture, Roma’s right to adequate housing and refugees and migrants’ rights. It also assesses the national human rights framework with regard to the failure to establish a National Human Rights Institution and discrimination. With regard to the human rights situation on the ground, Amnesty International raises concern about torture, refugees and migrants’ rights, the right to protest and sexual and reproductive rights.