The Indonesian government plans to exploit Wabu Block, a large gold ore deposit in Intan Jaya regency, Papua province. Over the last two years this region has become a hotspot for conflict and repression. This briefing documents an increased presence of security forces in Intan Jaya regency, accompanied by unlawful killings, raids and beatings. Indigenous Papuans also reported facing restrictions to carry out daily activities. Amnesty International is concerned about the potential human rights impacts of mining in Wabu Block in the context of the existing conflict and repression in Intan Jaya.