This submission sets out some of Amnesty International’s key concerns and recommendations related to the implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights by China. It highlights the various crimes against humanity and other grave human rights violations committed by the Chinese authorities towards Uyghurs, Kazakhs and other predominantly Muslim ethnic groups in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The submission also covers COVID-19 restrictions, lockdowns and compulsory quarantine requirements which at some times and places undermined people’s right to health, food, and freedom of movement.