Ninety Afghan, regional and international non-governmental organizations have recently renewed their appeal to the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) to establish an independent investigative mechanism, complementary to the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Afghanistan (Special Rapporteur), with a mandate to advance accountability for grave past and ongoing human rights violations and abuses, including specific violations and abuses against women and girls. This Q&A document seeks to address key questions that may arise as states consider this proposal during the HRC’s 57th regular session (9 September-11 October 2024).