Indigenous and campesino communities have taken to the streets in Ecuador to protest at the lack of consultation on proposed laws and policies which directly affect them. This report examines the response of Ecuadorian authorities to protests that took place in 2009 and 2010. Through individual cases, it demonstrates that Indigenous and campesino leaders have been subjected to unfounded investigations and judicial proceedings. This raises questions about whether there is a deliberate attempt by the state to discourage legitimate protest and silence claims by communities to the right to consultation.