The violent dispersal by military forces of a peaceful sit-in at the Cabinet Offices in Cairo on 16 December 2011 ignited a week of clashes that led to the killing of at least 17 protesters. This report shows how Egypt’s armed forces committed with impunity grave human rights violations in response to other initially peaceful protests in Cairo during the transitional period of military rule between the “25 January revolution” in early 2011 and the election of President Mohamed Morsi in June 2012.