Since the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of Mali in 2013, instability has spread from the north to the centre of the country, with a growing number of armed groups carrying out attacks. The state of emergency, first imposed in November 2015, has been repeatedly extended, most recently in April 2017. Amnesty International has consistently expressed its concern about a wide range of violations of human rights and breaches of international humanitarian law committed by Malian security forces and international forces on one hand, and armed groups on the other hand.
