Amnesty International is concerned that the Italian authorities’ actions regarding the “National Demonstration for Palestine” that took place in Rome on 5 October 2024 violated human rights, including the rights to freedom of expression and to peaceful assembly. We are calling on the authorities to carry out an independent, thorough and impartial investigation into all allegations of human rights violations during the 5 October demonstration and to take all steps to facilitate the right to freedom of peaceful assembly.